Pharmacology — which is the study of the biomechanical or physiological effects of medicines and drugs on a cell, tissue, organ, or an organism — impacts the design of clinical studies significantly. Preclinical development and the planning stages in particular have a strong emphasis on pharmacology. In 1970, the first World Health Organization report on […]
If your pharmaceutical company is having difficulty managing the resources necessary to conduct pre-clinical studies, it could be in your best interest to outsource services to a contract research organization (CRO). When it comes to the drug development industry, the growth of CROs is accelerating, according to The Scientist publication. The first CROs appeared in […]
The design of pre-clinical studies is a complex task, and understanding the translation from animal model to human diseases requires a great deal of care and a high level of understanding of both the basic science and the clinical condition. Many drugs in clinical development flounder due to lack of efficacy or unacceptable side effects. […]